What Are the Measuring Units in Astronomy ?

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Before we know the unit of measurement in Astronomy, I will emphasize the notion of Astronomy. Astronomy comes from Greek, from the word "Astro" which means star and "Nomos" which means law. So, literally, Astronomy can be interpreted as a law regarding stars. Astronomy can also be interpreted as a branch of science that studies celestial objects (stars, planets, comets, etc.) and natural phenomena that occur outside the Earth's atmosphere. Astronomy studies the origins, physical properties, chemical properties, meteorology, and motion of celestial bodies which explain the process of formation and development of the universe.

In Astronomy, the distance between stars, the distance between planets, and the distance between other celestial bodies is very important for us to know because knowing the distance between celestial bodies will make it easier for us to predict phenomena that will occur mathematically. The distance between celestial bodies one with other celestial bodies is also relatively far away so that it uses a unit of measurement that is different from the unit of measurement in general. Then what are the measurement units in Astronomy?

1.      Kilometer

In Astronomy the kilometer unit is the smallest unit used to calculate the distance between celestial bodies in space. This kilometer unit is used to calculate the radius and diameter of planets and stars, the distance between asteroids, the thickness of the atmosphere of a planet, and so on. However, to measure the distance between celestial bodies that are even further away the distance of kilometers is less effective and raises a large number of digits.

2.      Second Light

One second of light can travel a distance of about 299,792,458 km. So one unit of light is equivalent to 299,792,458 km. Examples of how to use:

·         5 seconds of light = 1,498,962.29 km

·         10 seconds of light = 2,997,924.58 km

·         30 seconds of light = 8,993,773.74 km

3.      Astronomical Unit (AU)

One Astronomical Unit (1 AU) is equivalent to the distance of the Earth to the Sun on the middle axis (not approaching or away from the Sun). One Astronomy Unit (AU) is equivalent to 149,597,871 km. The distance of the Earth - the Sun is equivalent to 499,004 seconds of light or 8 minutes 19 seconds.

4.      Light Year (LY)

Light years are used to calculate the distance between celestial bodies that are very far from us. Well, this light year is used to calculate the distance between stars, the radius of a galaxy, or the distance between galaxies. One year has 31,536,000 seconds. Then this one light year is 31,536,000 times farther than one second of light. This distance of one light year is 945,425,500,000 km. Consider the statement below.

·         "The closest star distance to the sun is the Proxima Centauri Star is 4.2 Light Years from Earth" This means that the light from that star can be seen from Earth after going through space travel for 4 years. So if we convert the distance of the star from Earth about 3.97 x 1013 km from Earth.

·         "The diameter of the Milky Way galaxy is estimated to reach 100,000 - 110,000 light years." This means that if you travel at the speed of light (299,792,458 km / second) you can cross the Milky Way Galaxy from left to right in 100,000 years.

5.      Parsec (pc)

Parsec is a unit used to measure objects very far from Earth. One Parsec (1 pc) is equivalent to 3.26156 light years or equivalent to 3,083,562,000,000 km.

6.      Mega Parsec (Mpc)

Mega Parsec is the largest unit used to calculate the distance between celestial bodies. One Mega Parsec (1 Mpc) is equivalent to 1,000,000 parsecs which is also equivalent to 3,261,560 light years. 

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