What Are the Measuring Units in Astronomy ?

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Before we know the unit of measurement in Astronomy, I will emphasize the notion of Astronomy. Astronomy comes from Greek, from the word "Astro" which means star and "Nomos" which means law. So, literally, Astronomy can be interpreted as a law regarding stars. Astronomy can also be interpreted as a branch of science that studies celestial objects (stars, planets, comets, etc.) and natural phenomena that occur outside the Earth's atmosphere. Astronomy studies the origins, physical properties, chemical properties, meteorology, and motion of celestial bodies which explain the process of formation and development of the universe.

In Astronomy, the distance between stars, the distance between planets, and the distance between other celestial bodies is very important for us to know because knowing the distance between celestial bodies will make it easier for us to predict phenomena that will occur mathematically. The distance between celestial bodies one with other celestial bodies is also relatively far away so that it uses a unit of measurement that is different from the unit of measurement in general. Then what are the measurement units in Astronomy?

1.      Kilometer

In Astronomy the kilometer unit is the smallest unit used to calculate the distance between celestial bodies in space. This kilometer unit is used to calculate the radius and diameter of planets and stars, the distance between asteroids, the thickness of the atmosphere of a planet, and so on. However, to measure the distance between celestial bodies that are even further away the distance of kilometers is less effective and raises a large number of digits.

2.      Second Light

One second of light can travel a distance of about 299,792,458 km. So one unit of light is equivalent to 299,792,458 km. Examples of how to use:

·         5 seconds of light = 1,498,962.29 km

·         10 seconds of light = 2,997,924.58 km

·         30 seconds of light = 8,993,773.74 km

3.      Astronomical Unit (AU)

One Astronomical Unit (1 AU) is equivalent to the distance of the Earth to the Sun on the middle axis (not approaching or away from the Sun). One Astronomy Unit (AU) is equivalent to 149,597,871 km. The distance of the Earth - the Sun is equivalent to 499,004 seconds of light or 8 minutes 19 seconds.

4.      Light Year (LY)

Light years are used to calculate the distance between celestial bodies that are very far from us. Well, this light year is used to calculate the distance between stars, the radius of a galaxy, or the distance between galaxies. One year has 31,536,000 seconds. Then this one light year is 31,536,000 times farther than one second of light. This distance of one light year is 945,425,500,000 km. Consider the statement below.

·         "The closest star distance to the sun is the Proxima Centauri Star is 4.2 Light Years from Earth" This means that the light from that star can be seen from Earth after going through space travel for 4 years. So if we convert the distance of the star from Earth about 3.97 x 1013 km from Earth.

·         "The diameter of the Milky Way galaxy is estimated to reach 100,000 - 110,000 light years." This means that if you travel at the speed of light (299,792,458 km / second) you can cross the Milky Way Galaxy from left to right in 100,000 years.

5.      Parsec (pc)

Parsec is a unit used to measure objects very far from Earth. One Parsec (1 pc) is equivalent to 3.26156 light years or equivalent to 3,083,562,000,000 km.

6.      Mega Parsec (Mpc)

Mega Parsec is the largest unit used to calculate the distance between celestial bodies. One Mega Parsec (1 Mpc) is equivalent to 1,000,000 parsecs which is also equivalent to 3,261,560 light years. 

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Infinity Is Not Number, Then What Is the Biggest Number ?

Hello guys, come back again in the article "Mathematicsains Official Blogger Site". On this occasion we will discuss the fate of infinity which is often considered the largest (unlimited) number. Even though infinity itself is only an imaginary form. Try to imagine if infinity is considered to be the largest number, then it breaks the mathematical system and the essence of Infinity itself. Infinity which is essentially an infinite symbol when entering into mathematics, infinity can represent any number. Even number 1 also includes infinity because basically infinity is intangible and infinite. It is this limit that causes it to transform into any number.

In mathematics any number can be operated again so that if infinity is considered a number, then it can be added, subtracted, multiplied, or divided by other numbers. What will happen is as follows: 

∞ + 1 = ∞

∞ - 1 = ∞

∞ x 2 = ∞

∞ / 2 = ∞ 

Let's also imagine if  ∞ = ∞ and ∞ = 1 

∞ - ∞ = ∞

1 – 1 = 1

0       = 1 

If the system above we still maintain that infinity is the biggest number, The system of math begin destroy. We know for ourselves that 0 ≠ 1. Ok then if infinity is not considered as a number then what is the largest number ever introduced to the community. Here are some of the biggest numbers ever introduced and used. 

1 Billion

This 1 billion is number 1 with nine zeros behind it. The rank of 1 billion is 109. The number of billion is rarely used in count operations, but is often used in the financial sector. If you have 1 billion in money then you can already be considered very rich.

1 Trillion

1 Trillion is the number 1 followed by twelve zeros behind it. The appointment of 1 trillion is 1012. This trillion is also used in the financial sector, but with even greater scope. 

1 Quadrillion (10¹⁵): number 1 with 15 zeros behind it

1 Sextillion (10²¹): number 1 with 21 zeros followed behind it. Objects with up to 1 sextillion include: 

• The amount of sand on the coast of the entire world is estimated to reach 375 billion cubic meters. If each grain of sand has a size of one tenth of a millimeter, then a whole lot of sand reaches 3.75 x 10²¹ (According to data from a scientist named Gary Greenberg). 
• Many stars in the universe are estimated to reach 10²² - 10²³ stars. It is estimated that from the Milky Way Galaxy has 100 billion stars and based on data from NASA there are at least 100 billion to 1 trillion galaxies in the universe.

1 Nonillon (10³⁰): number 1 followed by 30 zeros.

1 Decillion (10³³): number 1 followed by 33 zeros

1 Quindecillion (10⁴⁸): 1 followed by 48 zeros

1 Octodecillion (10⁵⁷): 1 with 57 zeros followed

1 Googol (10¹⁰⁰)

The term was first coined by a 9-year-old boy named Milton Sirotta, nephew of mathematician Edward Kasner who was later popularized in his book, namely Mathematics and The Imagination (1940). 1 This googol is estimated to exceed the number of electrons in the universe. The electron mass is 10-30 kg while the weight of the universe is estimated at 1050 - 1060 kg (not including vacuum), so that the total electron mass in the universe ranges from 1080-1090 electrons. However, if the entire vacuum is filled with electrons, the total electrons can reach 10128. If you write it as a number, Googol (just add 0 as many as one hundred) can still be written, but if you draw a point as many as googol numbers then even one planet will not be enough.

Googolplex

This Googolplex is a number 10 raised with a googol number or 10 to the power of 10 to 100. So the googolplex is number 1 with 1000 zeros behind it. If you write it as a number then the Googolplex (just add 0 as many as a thousand) can still be written, but if you draw points as many as googol numbers then even one galaxy won't be enough

Graham Number

This number is the largest discovery number that has ever been used (but if we add up to 1 there is still more bigger). Even to the size of this figure according to data from Wikipedia, there are only more than 500 digits on the G1 layer. This is the Graham Number system. 

The graham number have a number until G64. If we will find the G2 we must write 3 ↑↑ ... ↑↑ 3 (The arrow must the many arrow in G1), so G2 = 3 raised with G1. And G3 we must write 3 ↑↑ ... ↑↑ 3 (The arrow must the many arrow in G2), so G3 = 3 raised with G2. So If G64 we must write 3 ↑↑ ... ↑↑ 3 (The arrow must the many arrow in G63), so G64 = 3 raised with G64.  If you want to calculate it, be careful because this number is very large if we imagine it. 

Actually there are still numbers greater than Graham Number. While the number can be operated there is still more than Graham Number.

In conclusion: In mathematics there is no greatest number while it can still be operated (added, reduced, multiplied, or divided). 

Ok guys, that's the only information we can convey. Hopefully useful to add knowledge or be used as a reference. Subscribe to my youtube account  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBVXCKDXtsJL to get various other interesting Musical video. Also follow my Instagram account @mathematicsains. Thank you very much for your visit to our Blog page. Keep up with the development of information from the "Mathematicsains Official Blogger Site" blog page and see you in another article.


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Fast Fact - Part 1

Highest and Lowest Country Population 

We know that in this world there are 195 countries where 193 of them are state states while the two countries (Vatican and Palestine) are classified as "UN observes states". If the calculations involve countries with partial recognition then the total countries in the world are 201. Taiwan, Western Sahara, Kosovo, South Ossetia, Abkhazia and North Cyprus (part of Turkey) are identified as independent but claimed to be part of another country. In addition to those countries which are partially recognized, there are three countries that have declared themselves. Although not recognized by the United Nations, they continue to run the country independently. These countries are Nagorno-Karabakh, Transnistria and Somaliland. They are called De Facto Sovereign State (de facto sovereign state). So that the total country in the world becomes 204. According to the 1933 montevideo convention, the conditions for the establishment of a country must fulfill constitutive elements and declarative elements. 

• The constitutive element is a state-forming element originating from within as a condition for forming a state's constitution. Constitutive element in the form of : 
• Society is a group of people who inhabit a certain area. The people are the most important element in the country because it is the people who first want to help the country. It is the people who begin to plan, pioneer, control and organize the government of the country. 
• Territory is a place of refuge for the people as well as temptat for the government to organize or organize all government activities. The area covers land, sea, and air area. 
• Sovereign Government includes the basis and type of highest authority which will regulate the entire social system in a country. 
• Declarative elements are state-forming elements from outside, namely statements from other sovereign countries that they recognize the sovereignty of a particular country. 

We know also that every country have a population inside it. Several country has a
normal population but many country have unbalance population like higher population or maybe lower population that a normal country. The 10 country that have highest population

Source : https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats8.htm

Beside the country that have highest population there are several country that nominated as the country that have lowest population. 9 country that nominated as the country that have lowest population (2017) : 

9) 

Saint Kitts and Nevis (Carribean Island) have population approximately 54,821 people. In the capital city of this country - Bassettere have approximately 13,000 people. This country is identified as Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II still acting as head of state.

8) 

Marshall Islands have over 1,000 islands with estimated population is 53,066 with approximately 28,000 people lived in Majuro Island - Marshall Islands Capital City. 

7) 

Liechtenstein has a slightly higher population than Monaco, and the pair often switch positions as more or less populated. This country have estimated population approximately 37,815 people. 

6) 

Monaco is an enigma as it is neither a Kingdom nor a Republic, but a Principality, yet it has been granted full United Nations membership and is a fully recognized country. This country have population approximately 37,623 people. 

5) 

San Marino, The capital, San Marino City, sits a top of a mountain, yet the largest city in the country is the lower lying Serrvale. This country have population approximately 33,285 people. 

4) 

Palau have approximately 21,097 people inside it. Palau is another group of islands to make the list, and again is in the Pacific. Ngerulmud is the capital city of Palau. The country has a whopping 340 islands for just 21,097 people, meaning that if you divided the population evenly between islands, each would have 62 people. 

3) 

Nauru have approximately 11,347 people inside it. This country is so isolated that its nearest neighbor, Banaba Island, is 300 kilometres (186 miles) away. Nauru is known as Pleasant Island. 

2) 

Tuvalu is also a Pacific Ocean-based country, but it’s not quite as remote as Nauru. It is situated midway between Hawaii and Australia. With a population (as of 2012) of just over 10,000. Tuvalu became a member of the United Nations in 2000. In 2017 Tuvalu has population approximately 10,640 people. 

1) 

Vatican is the smallest country in the world  and also have the lowest population in the world. The country that have area approximately 44 hectare with population (2017) approximately 415 people. It means that Vatican have 9,44 people in a hectare. 

Introduction

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Hello guys, after we created the Youtube “Mathematicsains Official YT Account” in 5^th May 2019, we are create “Mathematicsains Official Blogger Account” today 26^th May 2019. Okay, we create this blog site in order to give any information that we know to the other people rapidly. Okay, in this chance, let me introduce our logo for our blog site. 

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